Factores de riesgo psicosocial en adolescentes infractores. Revisión sistemática de los últimos 5 años

Abstract

Objective: This article analyzes the predominant psychosocial risk factors associated with offending behavior in adolescents, based on scientific evidence published between 2020 and 2026. Method: A systematic review was conducted following the PRISMA guidelines. An exhaustive search was carried put in Scopus, and Google Scholar databases, including empirical articles published in Spanish and English. Results: Carried out in 517 initially identified records, 17 studies met the final eligibility criteria and were selected for review. Findings indicate that juvenile delinquency is a multifactorial phenomenon resulting from multi-level interactions. Individual factors include impulsivity and poor emotional regulation; Familial factors involve neglect, low supervision, and domestic violence; School – related factors highlight poor academic performance and dropout, and social factors include exclusion, negative peer influence and violent environments. Conclusions: Adolescent offending behavior is not explained by a single factor but by the accumulation and convergence of multiple personal and contextual vulnerabilities throughout their development.