Relación entre el Síndrome de Burnout y la Satisfacción Laboral: una revisión sistemática

Abstract

Working conditions and the organizational environment have a direct influence on the physical and emotional health of workers (Suárez, 2022). Faced with this imminent reality, the contemporary world of work has begun to prioritize the well-being of its em-ployees over its economic and material interests, recognizing people as the most valuable and important resource that makes up organizations (Quiroz Gonzáles, Loaiza Guzmán, Mejía Gonzáles, & al., 2020). In this sense, job satisfaction emerges as one of the most representative indicators for assessing whether working conditions are satisfactory for workers. One of the main health problems and risks faced by workers today is Burnout Syndrome (Saborío Morales & Hidalgo Murillo, 2015), which is defined as a state of physical, mental, and emotional exhaustion resulting from poorly managed work stress factors and a lack of healthy work environ-ments (Wu, Ching, Liao, & Wang, 2024). The aim of this study is to analyze the relationship between Burnout Syndrome and Job Satisfaction through a review of scientific literature, in order to provide evidence for understanding the manifestations of this diag-nosis and the influence of general working conditions on the onset of this phenomenon. This research has a qualitative approach, with a documentary design and descriptive scope. A systematic review was conducted based on the PRISMA methodology, searching for scientific articles in PubMed, Dialnet, and SciELO using the following MeSH terms (“Burnout, Professional”[MeSH] OR “Oc-cupational Burnout”[tiab] OR “Job Burnout”[tiab]) AND (“Job Satisfaction”[MeSH] OR “Work Satisfaction”[tiab] OR “Employee Satisfaction”[tiab]). A total of 249 documents and academic articles were collected, of which 15 articles were selected for this review. Based on the results found in all of the research, it was concluded that 87% of the articles evaluated confirmed the existence of a significant inverse relationship between job satisfaction and burnout syndrome. Regarding the analysis of the dimensions of Burnout Syndrome, Emotional Exhaustion and Depersonalization are found to be the most significant and recurrent dimensions within the relationship between the study variables. The findings reveal that Organizational Climate and Working Conditions are other factors that also directly affect a person's sense of well-being in relation to their work and, therefore, also predict and cause symptoms related to work exhaustion. In conclusion, understanding and addressing the relationship between Job Satisfaction and Burnout Syndrome not only prevents the physical and psychological deterioration of workers, but also provides companies and institutions with various tools aimed at evaluating the aspects in which individuals perceive a lack of organizational support. With this, organizations can develop improvements in their human talent management and thus promote the continuous development of more humane, sustaina-ble, and productive work environments, committing to the well-being of their workers.