Selección de un material alternativo sostenible para una viga de acero estructural en la construcción utilizando un análisis de ciclo de vida, métodos multicriterio y simulación de esfuerzos-deformación para optimizar el material

Abstract

The accelerated growth of the construction industry and the social need to build more and more has led to a very high pollution generated by the production of conventional materials and construction processes. Therefore, at present it has aroused the interest of different researchers to develop investigations of selection of new materials that satisfy the needs, using multicriteria methods for their selection, performance indices in environmental, economic, social terms and life cycle analysis for minimize the environmental impact they generate to a great extent. This research is based on the search for a new material to replace steel in the construction of a Social Interest Housing, supported by the use of the CES Edupack Software, applying performance indices and life cycle analysis that provide ease of selection. and its analysis, complying with the three main sustainable pillars. Subsequently, an analysis will be applied by means of multicriteria methods (TOPSIS, COPRAS and VIKOR) to determine an optimal material, which in this case Bamboo is the ideal option to be considered. The application of Bamboo as an alternative material presents biodegradable and recyclable characteristics compared to steel, obtaining minimum values of energy consumption and CO2 emissions in the construction process. Applying the critical load determined of 0.392 tons in simulation, a safety factor is obtained that guarantees its use, giving a value of 1.12, with a minimum diameter of 90 mm and a minimum thickness of 11.25 mm. This checks that the material will support the load to which it will be applied. The aforementioned determines that Bamboo as a structural element can be a viable solution that meets the requirements as it is a low-cost, biodegradable and recyclable material.