Prevalencia de trastornos musculoesqueléticos y la aplicación de los métodos ergonómicos OWAS y REBA para evaluar posturas forzadas en trabajadores del área de taller, enderezada y pintura de una empresa automotriz de la ciudad de Quito.

Abstract

Objective: Decide the prevalence of MSD and the postural risk in workers in the areas of straightening, painting and in mechanical technicians of an automotive company in the city of Quito,by applying the Nordic Questionnaire and the OWAS and REBA methods, to identify the activities with the highest postural risk. Methodology: Descriptive, cross-sectional study carried out on 14 workers, where the standardized Nordic Questionnaire was applied for the detection of musculoskeletal symptoms and the ergonomic methods OWAS and REBA, frequencies and percentages were calculated for each of the study variables. Results: 50% of the working population has MSD, with a higher prevalence in men > 40 years (57%), with 29% predominating in the shoulder area. When defining the risk level of the 779 postures analyzed according to their relative frequency, 56.4% are normal postures with no harmful effect on the musculoskeletal system and 2.1% have a risk level 4, so immediate corrective actions are necessary. Conclusions: It is shown that the straightener job position presents a higher postural risk in its activities according to the analysis using the OWAS and REBA methods, identifying 51.6% and 36.6% of positions that have harmful effects on health, which shows the importance of designing prevention and intervention programs in exposed workers.