Factores de riesgo que influyen en la conducta delictiva de adolescentes infractores retenidos en los centros de reinserción de menores.

Abstract

Crime is a multifactorial phenomenon that generates great social concern due to the increase in violent behavior in young people. This research addresses the question of which risk factors have the greatest influence on the criminal behavior of adolescents held in reintegration centers, under the hypothesis of significant concurrence between individual and socio-environmental variables. To do this, a qualitative approach with documentary design and descriptive scope was used, carrying out a systematic review of 10 scientific articles selected using the PRISMA method in databases such as Scribd, Scopus and Google Academy. The results reveal that a large part of adolescent offenders present externalizing behaviors associated with impulsivity. Likewise, critical family factors are identified, such as permissive parenting and abandonment in detention centers, where the majority of inmates do not receive visitors. In the educational field, it is evident that several of these adolescents have not completed their secondary studies. In contexts such as Ecuador, a low effectiveness of socio-educational measures is observed, because responses focused on punishment frequently predominate. It is concluded that juvenile delinquency is the result of the dynamic interaction between individual, family, and structural risks, such as poverty and exclusion. Therefore, it is imperative to move towards comprehensive public policies that prioritize early prevention and psychosocial rehabilitation over punishment, and involve the family and the community to effectively reduce recidivism.