Relación entre trastornos de la personalidad y conductas delictivas en adultos

Abstract

This article analyzes how personality disorders and their associated factors influence the formation of the criminal profile in adults with a criminal background. Specifically, it examines the relationship between personality disorders and different types of crimes, as well as their impact on recidivism. Objective: The objective is to determine whether personality has a strong relationship with the criminal profile of individuals with personality disorders over the last decade, using previous research to identify common patterns of criminal behavior and risk factors. Method: A systematic review was conducted following the PRISMA methodology. A comprehensive search for relevant studies was carried out in scientific databases (PubMed, Scielo, and Scopus) using specific terms such as "personality disorders," "psychopathy," "criminal behavior," and "criminality," combined with Boolean operators to maximize the relevance of the results. Studies published between 2018 and 2024 in English and Spanish that analyzed the relationship between these disorders and criminal behavior in adults were included. Results: The findings indicate that ASPD is associated with premeditated crimes, high recidivism rates, and low response to rehabilitation, while BPD is linked to impulsive crimes and interpersonal aggression. Factors such as childhood abuse, social precariousness, and substance abuse increase an individual’s vulnerability to criminality. Additionally, gender differences were identified: men with ASPD tend to commit premeditated violent crimes, whereas women with BPD show a higher tendency toward interpersonal violence and self-destructive behaviors. Conclusions: The study of criminal profiling and the personality of offenders has provided insight into the psychological, behavioral, and social patterns associated with criminality. The findings suggest that the combination of biological, psychological, and environmental factors plays a key role in shaping a personality prone to delinquency. Common characteristics in individuals with ASPD and BPD include a lack of empathy, narcissism, manipulation, and absence of remorse. The use of multidisciplinary approaches is recommended to reduce criminal recidivism and improve the rehabilitation of this population.