Optimización de cronogramas y presupuestos en proyectos públicos mediante BIM 4D y 5D: caso UPC en Manabí, rol Líder Estructural

Abstract

The Ecuadorian government has promoted the construction of Community Police Units (UPC) as a strategy to strengthen citizen security, replicating prototypes nationwide. However, many of these projects have faced delays due to poorly optimized construction decisions and a lack of technological tools during the planning stage. The BIM (Building Information Modeling) methodology, by integrating 3D visualization, time (4D), and cost (5D) simulation, allows for more accurate comparative analyses before project execution. In this context, it is pertinent to apply BIM to simulate three construction methodologies—structural steel, reinforced concrete, and load-bearing walls—in a UPC located in El Carmen, Manabí. Given that real-world information is already available on the UPC built with load-bearing walls, comparing it with BIM models of the other two methodologies will identify the most efficient option, both in terms of costs and execution times. This study seeks to provide technical evidence to facilitate decision-making in future state construction projects, promoting efficiency, sustainability, and risk reduction in public project management.