Nanotecnología en el mundo: marco regulatorio

Abstract

Nanotechnology addresses systems and structures, ranging from 1 to 100 nanometers (1,000,000 nm equal to 1mm) on whose scale the technology used is submicrometric in nature and is based on the fundamentals of current electronics, providing tools and techniques to manipulate and build nanostructured systems. In this sense, based on a systematic qualitative review, an analysis of the Regulatory Legal Framework on Nanotechnology was carried out in its multiple areas of application around the world from 2017 to 2021. Methodology: A qualitative systematic review of original scientific articles was carried out in the languages, English, Spanish and Portuguese, on the Regulatory Framework for nanotechnology in the world, from 2012 to 2021, published in the databases of Scopus, Scielo, JSTOR, Lilacs, Google Scholar, PubMed. After a process of three revisions, 25 articles were selected (Scopus (1), Scielo (4), JSTOR (2), Lilacs (0), Google Scholar (11), PubMed (7)). It is evident that Europe, Japan, the United States, China, have standards and regulations in the process of standardized harmonization, while in Latin America, countries such as: Argentina Mexico, Panama and Brazil are precursors in Legislation for the management of nanomaterials. However, the rest of the countries such as Ecuador do not have their own legislation however, our country is governed by the International Standard: Safety and Health Practices in Workplaces related to Nanotechnologies (ISO/TR 12885:2008, RTD). Conclusion: Globally, the market magnified the production, creation, innovation and improvement of nanomaterials that, due to their structure, characteristics, size, density and application, necessarily require Harmonized Regulatory Legal Frameworks, national and international, in the field of Occupational Safety and Health, to which developed and developing countries should align, to reduce and prevent dangerous exposures to nanoparticles, a product of nanotechnologies.