Reutilización de neumáticos para su aprovechamiento como parte de la economía circular en el cantón Ibarra, provincia de Imbabura

Abstract

Nowadays there is a lot of talk about environmental pollution; history offers to remind us that the planet comes first and not the plastic; There are campaigns that have had little effect over the years, and human beings continue to contaminate parks, rivers and seas. There are no studies related to the recycling of tires in the Province of Imbabura; despite the fact that there are documents from other universities where mention is made of studies on feasibility creations of tire recycling companies in Ecuador; however, the concern is latent because there are no ideas to reduce the environmental impact caused by tire waste as business ideas in the north of the country. In Ecuador, according to the National Institute of Statistics and Censuses (INEC), the vehicle fleet grew by more than 1.4 million vehicles, which placed the figure above 2.4 million units in 2018; in the northern zone, specifically for the province of Imbabura, where the automotive parks are growing. This motivates to carry out an investigation on this large-scale problem that harms the environment, and not only to this sector but also to the technical, economic and public health sector, due to the inadequate final disposal of used tires; that end up in illegal landfills or simply in fields stored in the open air, or in some cases incinerated and in others as a source of visual, soil, and water pollution. The Ecuadorian technical standard NTE INEN 2266 Third revision 2017 (Ecuadorian Standardization Service) with title: SPECIAL WASTE; Item 3.51, talks about: Those residues that are determined in the National List of Special Waste, which implies that the environmental regularization for its management, transportation, storage and final disposal will be regulated according to the specific technical guidelines established based on current environmental legislation; that without necessarily being dangerous, due to their nature, can impact the environment or health, due to the volume of generation and/or difficult degradation and for which a recovery, reuse and/or recycling system must be implemented in order to reduce the amount of waste generated. (INEN, 2017) This definition allows taking into account that the Ministry of the Environment, Water and Ecological Transition (MAATE); Through its chemical substances and hazardous and special 11 waste management system, it has linked international agreements, through which the United Nations Organization (UN), in its desire to protect human health and the environment Against the adverse effects of toxic chemical products and hazardous waste, it has signed several agreements such as the Basel, Stockholm, which have allowed the respective control of toxic waste. The Environmental Regulations according to the Organic Regulation of the Environment published in the Official Registry No 507 on June 12, 2019 determines; in Chapter III in sections 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 that indicates all the Comprehensive Management of Hazardous and/or Special Waste where it contemplates the general provisions, the generators of hazardous and/or special waste, storage, transport, elimination, final disposal of waste and transboundary movements. (RCOA, 2019). It is intended to determine through this research the feasibility of designing a business model for the use of used tires that arrive at the municipal dump of the city of Ibarra, province of Imbabura, with the purpose of proposing an alternative that manages to reduce the impact negative that used tires produce in the environment. An investigation of primary and secondary data will be carried out with the purpose of establishing investigative relationships in other sectors of the country and the world, to serve as a bibliographic reference. The feasibility of improving the circular economic activity of the region will also be analyzed by applying survey models on how tire waste can be used in the sector, various methodological tools will be applied that will allow obtaining results, which will serve as the basis for making decisions. decisions in the application of tire recycling methodologies