Estudio de desechos de teléfonos celulares a través del análisis de datos de los actores principales

Abstract

In 2018 the world will end more than 50 million tons of electronic waste internationally, the annual growth rate of the waste stream of electrical and electronic equipment is approximately 5%, this being three times faster than the flow of other waste (Singh et al.,2016). Over the years, the lifestyle of today's society has contributed to the growth and demand for the production of technological equipment. The cell phone is closely related to daily activities, it has become a life tool, however, the negative impact it causes since its generation, where the processes of extraction of raw materials and use demand a total energy of 29% (Cevallos, 2019). Although, in Ecuador, the environmental regulation of mandatory responsibility is used for cell phone producers, it is not known, through studies, that the different companies, whether they are importers or only sales of these products, comply with the collection rate required by the Ministry of Environment, Water and Ecological Transition. The present investigation was carried out through three phases. The first phase and the third phase consisted of the bibliographic review. In the second phase, the consumer behavior survey was proposed and developed in relation to the management of disused cellular devices. In Ecuador there is no real information on an approximate number of disused telephones, however, it is estimated that each citizen changes a mobile phone every 15 - 18 months, and the destination of these devices is to be given away, sold or discarded together with waste. without an adequate final disposal (Cevallos, 2019). This information agrees with the results of this research, with 46% of the surveyed population having a change frequency of one to three years. In the same way, the survey revealed that 39.7% have given it away or sold it, while 30.8%, not knowing how to dispose of their device, still have it stored at home. The lack of information is cited as the main reason for not delivering the equipment to a recycler or operator (62.7%), suggesting that the information to be imparted to the consumer be focused on how to deliver it to the operators or managers, the requirements, payments to make or benefits to receive, collection channels and periods, authorized operators and managers, the latter in order to avoid delivery to scrap dealers or informal recyclers.