Diseño de un proceso para la obtención de biodiésel a partir del aceite Jatropha curcas con metil acetato en condiciones supercríticas en presencia de ZnO como catalizador de reacción

Abstract

Currently, crude oil and its derivatives cover a large part of the world's energy demand, being the main source of non-renewable energy with limited reserves. In this sense, the objective of this research is to establish a process for obtaining biodiesel from Jatropha curcas oil by studying and experimenting with the interesterification mechanism with methyl acetate under supercritical conditions in the presence of zinc oxide as a catalyst and compliance with the quality parameters of finished products (mix B100 and mixes B5, B10, B15, B20, B30 biodiesel / diesel), to determine their use in the energy and transport sector. For this, a bibliographic review was taken as a starting point under the prism methodology to propose a process flow diagram, which was validated through experimentation. The validation process was carried out in the Laboratory of Fuels, Biofuels and Lubricating oils - LACBAL, obtaining as results of the research: a physical-chemical and composition characterization of the Jatropha curcas oil under the INEN national regulations for oils and fats of origin vegetable and animal and international DIN 51623; the set of experimental factors that maximize the yield of methyl esters in the supercritical interesterification reaction of Jatropha curcas oil with methyl acetate with zinc oxide as reaction catalyst by applying a multilevel factorial experimental design and its subsequent analysis in the STATGRAPHICS software CENTURION XVI; the characterization of the B100 biodiesel sample based on the ASTM D6751-07b standard and finally the characterization of the B5, B10, B15, B20 and B30 diesel / biodiesel blends based on the INEN 1489 standard, complying with the quality parameters for their use.