Selección de materiales compuestos de fibra natural y matriz poliéster, para los paneles internos de la compuerta delantera de un vehículo

Abstract

Humanity looks for materials with better properties which are not only capable of satisfying technical but also environmental criteria, leading to think about the use of composite materials, specifically those that have a plant reinforcement with a polymeric matrix, not only for the ease of processing, but also due to its good mechanical properties and its empathy with the environment as it has a dispersed plant phase. Considering Ecuador as a country with a large number of vascular plant species, this research focuses on the selection by means of multicriteria tools of previous works elaborated on mechanical characterization of composite materials of polymeric matrix and plant reinforcement, in order to give an applicability to them. This research focuses on the automotive field due to the mechanical requirements that can be solved with a composite material in this field, but also due to the strict regulations that many countries impose on this sector so that more than 80% of the car is reusable or friendly with the medium, thus having the internal panel of the vehicle since it is an auto part which is not subjected to great loads and is manufactured with polymeric materials, with which MCDM selection methods (Topsis, Vikor and Copras) are used, with An objective weighting of criteria with the Entropy method for the various studies selected with the prism methodology, having as the winner the composite material with Cabuya Fiber with excellent results in static simulation by having deformations of less than 4 mm in critical areas of load action static, in certain parts of the door panel of a car and present better results in comparison with the material more used in the elaboration of the internal panels of a car.