Obtención y caracterización de enzimas celulolíticas y/o lignocelulolíticas de hongos saprófitos ecuatorianos

Abstract

Currently, the valorization of wood and agro-industrial waste is of great interest, due to this, in the present work pruning waste (straw) and sawmill waste (sawdust) were used for the production of lignocellulolytic and / or cellulolytic enzymes. The objective of this research was to isolate, macroscopically and molecularly identify the microorganism with cellulolytic activity in different sources of C. In the Limoncocha Reserve a sample was taken for subsequent analysis. The fungus identified with the help of bioinformatics tools was Chaetomium piluliferum, which presented hydrolysis haloes in carboxymethylcellulose as substrate. In order to establish any relative relative to the cellulolytic activity of the Chaetomium piluliferum fungus, such as optimal pH, salinity or divalent metal requirements (tolerance to EDTA-Na2), enzymatic tests were carried out in 0.5% agarose gels with 0.1% CMC. The in plate tests show that at pH = 6, it is where the inhibition halos are more marked (more clarity and / or diameter). Regarding the effect of salinity, it can be observed that a measure that increases the salinity of the test medium, at least in the analyzed range, the lysates have greater cellulolytic activity. Finally, the EDTA concentration did not seem to have any effect in the range of concentrations tested, which allows us to affirm with some certainty that the enzyme (s) with cellulolytic activity does not require metals as cofactors. The enzymatic extracts produced have great potential for their biotechnological use, especially in the saccharification of pruning and sawmill waste, which does not lead to food sovereignty, and the production of second generation bioethanol.