Prevalencia de trastornos músculo esqueléticos de miembro superior en médicos ecografistas y nivel de riesgo ergonómico en un hospital de Quito

Abstract

Objective: to evaluate the prevalence of upper limb musculoskeletal disorders (MSD) and the level of ergonomic risk due to forced postures in the workplace of sonographers. Methodology: This research is of a descriptive cross-sectional type with a population made up of 22 specialists in the imaging area who perform scheduled and emergency ultrasound work in a Quito hospital. Two instruments were used: the Nordic questionnaire to analyze the MSDs in 10 areas of the body and the REBA method to determine the ergonomic risk due to the positions adapted by the upper extremities. Results: 23% of specialists never presented discomfort. In the last 12 months there is a prevalence of ailments in the neck of 64%, shoulder and lower back of 50%. Shoulder ailments have caused 23% of function changes and 45% reduction of activities. Women show a higher prevalence of discomfort. From the analysis of the REBA method, it was determined that there is an average 8.3 on the right side and 8.1 on the left, which represents a high risk level. Conclusions: the prevalence of SMD is in the neck (41%), shoulders and lower back (32%) in the age group between 40 and 50 years, while the prevalence of SMD in the elbow and wrist is shown in the upper limb. The level of ergonomic risk due to forced postures is high and requires prompt necessary action in work activities.