Evaluación del comportamiento mecánico y ambiental de combustible alternativo en motores de encendido a compresión (MEC)

Abstract

Biodiesel is one of the renewable fuels with the best alternatives to reduce dependence on petroleum derivatives and can be used in internal combustion engines as a mixture of diesel and biodiesel without the need to make modifications to them. The main objective of this work is to evaluate the mechanical and environmental performance in compression ignition engines with the use of biodiesel in proportions of 5% (B5), 15% (B15) and mixtures with additive B5A and B15A, through experimentation and use of automotive measurement equipment, for its massive application in automotive vehicles. The applied methodology is based on the development of two stages; the first consists of preparing the mixtures to be used in the investigation with the corresponding percentage of diesel/biodiesel for each one, and the second, the analysis of mechanical and environmental behavior through the use of diagnostic equipment such as the opacimeter, gas analyzer of exhaust, automotive dynamometer properly calibrated and updated. The analysis of results is carried out by applying the Statgraphics software, through the formation of combinations between the independent variables for the analysis of the variation of the variables dependent on power, torque, opacity, exhaust gases, with the application of the mixtures in the vehicles under test. In the results, it is obtained that the B5 mixture shows the best values, managing to maintain the power and torque with no significant decreases compared to diesel with averages of 1.11% and 0.33%, respectively. It is concluded that as the percentage of biodiesel in the mixtures is increased, the opacity value of 44.8% with B15 and 59.3% with B15A decreases. Regarding exhaust gases, mixtures with additives show the greatest reduction in CO2, CO and HC emissions, while NOx emissions rise slightly as the concentration of biodiesel increases.