Evaluación energética y exergética de un motor de encendido provocado experimental bajo diferentes gasolinas

Abstract

Internal combustion engines have great applications in generation systems, energy cogeneration and the automotive industry, therefore, testing and studying the performance of these engines is very important to contribute to further growth in their field of application, quality of operation, reduction of energy losses and reduction of polluting gas emissions. The energy analysis is based on the energy balance which reflects the amount of energy distributed in conversion, transfer, use and losses, however it does not reflect the quality of the energy which is based on an exergetic analysis. The purpose of this research work is to evaluate the performance of an experimental ignition engine by means of the energy balance and exergy, under the individual use of the three gasoline sold in Ecuador; Super, Extra and Ecopaís, for the assessment and evaluation of their performance. The experimental methodology applied to evaluate the engine consisted of starting under the individual use of gasoline until reaching its maximum power at a speed of the engine, where measurements of temperature, specific fuel consumption and the air-fuel ratio were taken for a time of 3 minutes. The results show an energy efficiency of 11.31% for Super gasoline, 10.75% for Extra gasoline and 10.39% for Ecopaís gasoline. Regarding exergy efficiency, 58.81% was determined for Super gasoline, 58.89% for Extra gasoline and 59.19% for Ecopaís gasoline. As it can be seen the energetic efficiency is much higher than the energy efficiency in each of the cases, this is because the motor is inefficient and there is an exergy potential for improvement (PEM) that can take advantage of the exergy that is being destroyed to turn it into work and thus achieve increased energy efficiency.