Eficacia de la terapia familiar sistémica en niños con trastorno del espectro autista (TEA)

Abstract

Autistic Spectrum Disorder (TEA) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that belongs to a group of conditions that are evident at the beginning of the development period that could be detected approximately between 2 and 3 years of age. The characteristic symptoms are a notable deficiency in social interaction and communication, delay in the development of verbal language or small productions such as echolalia, in addition to body expressionlessness or stereotyped behaviors that include hypo or hypersensitivity to sensory stimuli. Family systemic therapy intervenes in autism spectrum disorders from the relational diagnosis of the child's family and social context and the individual diagnosis, allowing the establishment of the therapist-family-patient alliance through the Milan systemic model that is a pioneer in the study of serious mental disorders. The present investigation exposes the study of a unique case, analyzed qualitatively through psychotherapeutic intervention that allows describing the conceptual bases of the theory of relational rapprochement based on a phenomenon called learned disorganized behaviors, which refers to the moment in which the apparently organized family receives the news of the son's diagnosis of autism, and a state of tension and disorganization emerges that produces a type of insecure attachment in the child, further aggravating his symptoms with the debut of parental incompetence and marital conflicts. After two years of systemic family therapy, the parents assimilate the diagnosis and the child's behavior is controlled by establishing a secure bond with the mother.