Diseño de un prototipo para las instalaciones de cargadores para autos eléctricos en la ciudad de Quito

Abstract

The global and local need to control and reduce environmental pollution drives the search for alternative energy sources, as well as new forms of use, with the aim of protecting the environment and optimizing the use of resources. Motivated by this desire, vehicle designers and builders present electric mobility (vehicles powered by one or more electric motors), a situation that is in full development, so much so that governments around the world generate incentives for the increase and development of mobility. electric mobility. In Ecuador, by legal mandate, it is proposed that all public transport vehicles from the year 2025 must be electric, in addition there are tax incentives for the importation of electric vehicles (EV), these policies are not sufficient to guarantee the development of the electric vehicle park; To guarantee that this development is sustained, the installation of charging stations (charging facilities for electric cars) are required (Guglielmetti, 2021). This research presents the design of a charging station that can supply energy quickly and ultra-fast to multiple vehicles at the same time, through the application of technical specifications to guarantee quality and safety standards. The research is of a descriptive level, it is based on the analysis of bibliographic documentation and based on this information, calculations were made to determine: the annual variation rate with which the vehicle fleet should grow to cover the needs of mobilization of the population of the District Metropolitan of Quito; the approximate number of EVs for the years 2025 and 2032; the approximate real autonomy of the EVs, the minimum number of charging stations that must be operating in the years 2025 and 2032. Once the need for the charging stations is justified, the implementation of the charging station is designed. As a result of this investigation, it was determined that the number of EVs for 2025 will be around 3,653 and for 2032 the number of EVs will be around 70,768. With this data, it is determined that by 2025, 20 charging stations are required, operating 15 daily hours with a recharging capacity of 8 cars at the same time. The design of the implementation of the electric charging prototype facilities with 8 simultaneously operating chargers (for fast or ultra-fast charging) requires a useful area of 6760m2, with a 300KVA main transformer and a 22KV power supply, using cables 4/0AWG THW, for the protection of the circuits, EATON model P3-63/EN circuit breakers and protection fuses were defined for each power line. For the design of the prototype, chargers with the CHAdeMO standard were used. In the exposed results, the achievement of the objective set for this investigation is fulfilled, for more information it is recommended to review the plans of the implantation of the electric station prototype and the corresponding details.