Selección de un material sostenible para el mecanismo piñón cremallera de una barra de dirección hidráulica considerando el método de evaluación de ciclo de vida (LCA) y aplicando métodos multicriterios (MCDM) y comprobación por elementos finitos (FEM)

Abstract

This work presents the selection and simulation of a sustainable material for the rack and pinion mechanism of a steering bar, being chosen a material that is sustainable over time and causes the least impact on the environment during all its life stages, at the same time This material met the technical and economic demands of the design. For this, a multi-criteria decision-making methodology (MCDM) combined with the life cycle assessment method (LCA) is required to obtain the best material taking into account its environmental impact and its mechanical and physical properties. After applying the multi-criteria methods and the life cycle analysis, the results of each method are compared with each other and the best material option was determined is SAE 4340 steel, which has specific mechanical properties to control flexural controls. And wear at which the rack and pinion mechanism is at some point with a safety factor within the parameters applied to this type of system and, on the other hand, being a low carbon steel in the life cycle analysis, it presents a lower percentage of energy consumption and CO2 emissions annually, so it causes less impact to the environment during its life cycle. By simulating the selected material in the ANSYS software that allows by importing the model of the mechanism developed in the INVENTOR software, to place the mechanical properties of the material and establish the boundary conditions necessary for the analysis of the behavior of the material in the operation of the mechanism rack pinion. The simulation results were validated by finding the maximum bending stress of Von Mises equal to 405,38 MPa, obtaining a safety factor equal to 2.41, and applying the formulas for the AGMA standard graphs. The entrophy methodology applied to obtain the rankings helps to avoid the subjectivity of the choice of a material and to make it adjust to real parameters, and the control values in the combination of multicriterial methods and in the simulation, it can be said The present work is a valid methodology for the selection of materials in the automotive industry.