Selección de material alternativo hibrido o no convencional para la construcción, utilizando métodos multicriterio y simulación de esfuerzos-deformación para optimizar el material

Abstract

The high growth of the construction industry and the pollution that generates the conventional material production, has awaken the interest of researches to develop new technologies and to make investigations concerning the selection of alternate materials to offset the environmental impact that is generated. This investigation is based on the search for new materials supported on the CES Edupack software database using performance indexes and three major criteria (Economical, Social & Environmental). An analysis by the multi-criteria methods (TOPSIS, COPRAS, DOMINIC, VIKOR) will be applied to obtain an optimal material for its use at concrete columns, all this applied to a social interest-housing proposal, being Bamboo the ideal option to consider. The use of Bamboo as an alternate material to concrete presented biodegradable and recyclable characteristics. It leaves a low CO2 footprint of 0.004Kg/Kg on its primary production compared to 0.24 Kg/Kg for concrete. Through the application of charges of 0.38, 3.40 and 4.14 tones at simulation, safety factors are obtained that warrantee its application of 15.4 and 3.28 for Bamboo and 2.65, 0.52 and 0,471 for concrete. This proves that the material will tend to fail due to stress concentrations at the outstanding points of the concrete element caused by material deficiency. The use of Bamboo as a structural element at infrastructure can be a reliable alternative that meets with the sustainable requirements because it is a low-cost, biodegradable, and recyclable material to replace the use of concrete.